One of the key barriers to miniaturization in UAVs lies in the propulsion system. As things get smaller, it gets increasingly difficult and expensive to build and maintain engines/motors, because of all those moving parts.
DARPA is conducting research (through Oklahoma State University) that could bypass that limitation and lead to a new generation of tiny spies in the skies.
“What we want the infantrymen to be able to do is pull a pack of six or so out of their pocket and have them ready for use,” Jamey Jacob, an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, said. The aircraft would be used for surveillance purposes and allow soldiers to inspect hostile areas before moving through them.